Most D. recens females remate within a few days and use the sperm of multiple males to sire their offspring. We found that the proportion of females that produced both wild-type and dark-eyed offspring, indicative of multiple mating, increased with the number of days the flies were held together ( ? 5 2 = 27 , p < 0.0001), and that this was owing to a lower number of multiply mated females in the 1-day treatment (? 2 = 20, p < 0.0001; figure 3; electronic supplementary material, figure S7). Whether the wild-type eyed males in the cage were ST or SR did not affect this pattern ( ? 6 2 = 10 , p = 0.13). Using the occurrence of mixed broods is a conservative estimate of remating rate, as we cannot detect when females mate with males of the same eye colour genotype or mate twice but do not use the sperm of both malesbining SR and ST cages within each day, when flies are kept together for 24 h, 20% of females produced mixed broods, indicating they mated with both dark and wild-type males. This suggests that about 40% of females mated at least twice within 24 h, because we only detected half of the broods produced from double matings (95% CI 0.32–0.47). 66% mated at least twice) and increased to approximately 50% after 3 days, suggesting that all of the females had mated twice (figure 3).
In the event that a lady mates double and every mating is through a beneficial random men, half of the full time she’d be likely so you can lover that have one another dark and you will wild-sort of boys (and you may 50 % of the time she’d companion that have two wild-type of otherwise two dark-eyed guys)
Contour step three. Paternity analyses about jizz battle crate check out suggest girls mate multiply. Shown is the tiny fraction of females that brought one another ebony and you will wild-particular kids, indicating they’d mated having each other sorts of boys, separated of the amount of weeks the fresh new flies occurred with her and men tester genotype (SR otherwise ST). The fresh new error pubs mean brand new 95% binomial believe period. (On line version in colour.)
Such research likewise have information on how lady explore spunk. When the people one mate over double make use of the jizz away from the individuals boys just as, next really or all the females is ultimately sire mixed broods. For the reason that whenever a lady mates multiply and you can uses the cum of the many away from the lady mates similarly, your chances that she produces offspring sired because of the n guys away from a similar form of = (1/2) (n?1) , in which n is the number of matings. Notably, that it count quickly refuses in order to no since n gets highest. But not, we remember that the latest regularity of women promoting blended broods profile from as much as fifty% (figure step three). This indicates the energetic quantity of friends such females try n = 2 hence people use only the latest jizz of one’s last several people they mated that have.
The fresh new proportion of females one brought mixed broods risen to 33% after two days (approx
We find that in conditions of sperm competition, SR males sire fewer offspring than ST males. In cages where flies were kept together for 2, 3, 4 or 6 days http://datingranking.net/nl/benaughty-overzicht/, ST males sired a greater proportion of the offspring than SR males (each p < 0.05; figure 4). The fraction of offspring by SR versus ST males did not differ significantly in cages where flies were kept together for 1 or 10 days (each p > 0.05). In the cages where the flies were kept together for 1 day, the dark males sired more offspring regardless of the SR status of the tester wild-type males (figure 4); it is unclear why this is because our mating experiments described above found no preference of dark females for dark males. This effect goes away after day 1, where all of the cages with ST tester males have approximately 50% wild-type offspring, as expected if there was no preference for male eye colour.