We used standardized regression coefficients to assess the effect size of the predictor variables on the three response variables. Continuous predictor variables were standardized and scaled by dividing their mean by two standard deviations (Gelman, 2008 ). sFMR and the total number of predators were log10 transformed to normalize a right-skewed distribution. Multicollinearity of continuous predictor variables was not an issue because the variance inflation factor (VIF) of all continuous predictor variables remained https://datingranking.net/it/incontri-con-un-genitore-single/ below 1.5 for all models. We tested the linearity between the predictors and the response variables using a generalized additive mixed model (package gamm4 version 0.2-6). The predictors had an effective degree of freedom (edf) close to 1 and were therefore linearly related to the response variables. Model selection was performed by using the “drop1” protocol of Zuur et al. ( 2009 ) and the Akaike information criteria (AIC). The fit of the models was assessed using plots of model residuals.
3 Abilities
For the metabolic rate models on body condition, the final model included sFMR, age class, and days since the start of the data collection, whereas for predator number models, the final model only included number of predators and age class (Table 1). The sum of the field metabolic rate of predators (sFMR) was negatively related to the body condition index of hares (Marginal R 2 = .61) (Table 1). Adult hares had a 21.8% higher body condition index than subadult (p < .001), whereas the body condition index of hares increased during the research period from autumn–winter) (p = .017). For the number of predators' models, while age class was correlated to body condition, the number of predators was not (Table 1).
For metabolic habits and you can predator matter models toward pounds of your adrenal gland, the past model provided brand new predator directory and you may hare intercourse (Dining table dos)
- a design are based on size of 66 hares inside the 13 query leases collected over a period of 34 days.
- b Muscles reputation directory (body size/hindfoot length; Murray, 2002 ), sFMR = amount of the field metabolic rate, Many years = subadult otherwise mature, Go out = days while the beginning of the study collection, tNP = final amount regarding predators. The following parameters have been decrease from latest design step one: portion of hares attempt and you will gender out of hares; finally model dos: part of hares test, intercourse regarding hares, and you can days since the start of the investigation range.
- c Variables is actually standardized of the dos SD (Gelman, 2008 ).
- d * = p < .05, *** = p < .001.
- e Subadult try site classification.
The sum total community metabolic process out-of predators (sFMR) is undoubtedly associated with the extra weight of one’s adrenal glands (Marginal R 2 = .14) (Desk 2). The complete amount of predators, however, are not related with the lbs out of hare adrenals (Desk dos). In addition, adrenals of women was indeed 0.04 ± 0.017 g ( ± SE) heavier than simply compared to people in the model which have sFMR, however regarding the design on total number off predators. In the two cases, new portion of hares take to, many years category, and you can months just like the research was indeed collected is actually unrelated towards pounds of adrenal glands.
Both for metabolic designs and you may predator number models to your lbs of the adrenal gland, the final design integrated the fresh predator list and hare intercourse (Desk dos)
- a models are derived from sized hares within the thirteen bing search renting collected over a period of 34 months.
- b sFMR = amount of profession kcalorie burning, Intercourse = person, tNP = final amount out of predators. The next variables was indeed decrease from finally Patterns 1 and you will 2: part of hares’ shot, decades class, and you can months given that start of data collection.