Bee Types Variety
Out-of 2009 to 2018, 192 bee types (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) had been caught inside Calanques Federal Park via both websites and you may pan pitfall choices. It belonged in order to six families and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae try by far the most variety-steeped loved ones, followed closely by Apidae and you can Halictidae, having 53, 49, and you will 43 types, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is actually brand new wealthiest genus, with 33 kinds, while eight genera was indeed portrayed by the singular kinds (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step 1 [online just] ). By using the jackknife 1 and you will dos spiders, the bee variety fullness is actually projected are between ± 9.89 and you can ± . The seen richness therefore portrayed 71.3 so you can 79.6% of estimated bee richness ( Desk 2). The newest Chao1 method projected the fresh observed richness is 76.8% of possible restriction richness ( Table 2). By far the most numerous species is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 anybody), followed by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you can 168 individuals, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 anyone). Eventually, fifty varieties (26%) was basically portrayed by the just one personal (singletons).
Environmental Qualities out of Bees
Regarding your environment characteristics out-of nesting choices, i known 59 single bee types nesting more than soil, ninety five unmarried bee species nesting underground and 23 cleptoparasitic types, equal to 30.7, 47.nine, and you can a dozen.0% of complete bee types fullness, respectively. We perceived four personal kinds (bumble bees and you may honey bees-2.1%). Finally, new nesting tastes from fourteen species remain unknown (seven.3%- Supp Table step 1 [on the internet simply] ). About your floral eating plan out of bee varieties, i found that 105 kinds (54.7%) foraged with the many plant kinds (we.age., generalist varieties, polylectic) and you will 51 kinds (26.5%) foraged on a single plant relatives otherwise you to/couple plant varieties (i.elizabeth., pro variety, oligolectic). On remaining 36 bee variety (18.8%), the brand new flowery diet was not identified (elizabeth.grams., getting cleptoparasitic kinds). Although not, extremely generalist types showed a choice for one or a number of bush parents ( Supp Dining table step 1 [on the web only] ). On 49 singletons, fourteen bee variety (28%) have been specialists, and you may nine bee varieties (18%) was indeed cleptoparasitic ( Supp Dining table step one [on the internet merely] ).
A keen IUCN status are available for 178 types (excluding new types complexes and you may as yet not known types). Some of those, 47 types was categorized as the studies lacking (DD-twenty-six.4%), 124 varieties was minimum alarmed (LC-69.6%), half a dozen kinds was indeed near threatened (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you can L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), plus one types are sensed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table step one [on the internet merely] ). About three oligolectic varieties had been one of several seven endangered bee variety. A great. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus try pros towards chatroulette phone number the Fabaceae, D. argentata was an expert for the Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) were trapped within the Calanques Federal Park. They belonged to help you twenty-four genera ( Supp Table 2 [online only] ). The essential plentiful genera had been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anyone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen some one), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville into the Latreille, 1828 (13 some body), while 20 kinds (53%) was in fact illustrated by the singular private ( Supp Desk 2 [online just] ). The newest bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was indeed depicted by the 20 species, together with four singletons (25%) ( Supp Table 3 [on the web just] ). The newest quote from complete kinds fullness from hover flies and you will bee flies is anywhere between 83 and you can 97 kinds by using the jackknife step one and you will 2 indexes, correspondingly. Consequently, brand new seen fullness represented 59.8–69.9% of one’s projected hover fly and you may bee travel fullness ( Table 2).