Panel A reports a limited-cubic-spline area of relationship ranging from projected twenty four-time urinary potassium removal as well as the ingredient off dying off one bring about and you may biggest aerobic situations. The fresh new spline bend is actually truncated at the cuatro.00 grams each and every day (knowledge price one of players which have potassium excretion >4.00 g each day, 13 occurrences when you look at the 397 users). Data with the potassium excretion was basically missing getting 58 members (0.1%). For this reason, the fresh new decide to try as part of the investigation on the chemical consequence of demise and you may biggest aerobic incidents was 101,887 members which have 3314 events. Committee B reveals a restricted-cubic-spline plot of one’s relationship anywhere between projected potassium excretion and passing regarding any bring about. Case rate one of members having potassium removal of more than 4.00 g per day is actually 4 situations for the 397 people. Panel C suggests a limited-cubic-spline spot of one’s connection between projected potassium excretion and you will big cardio events (identified as dying out of cardio reasons, myocardial infarction, heart attack, or cardiovascular system inability). The event speed certainly one of members that have potassium removal in excess of cuatro.00 grams every day try 11 incidents from inside the 397 members. non-Asian), liquor intake, body-mass index, and standing when it comes to diabetic issues mellitus, history of cardiovascular situations, and latest puffing. Dashed traces suggest 95% believe times. New median amount of potassium removal (2.07 g every single day) was the new site basic, expressed by the red range.
All of the plots was indeed adjusted getting age, sex, geographical part, informative peak, origins ismaili dating site free (Far eastern compared to
As compared with a projected potassium removal out of below step one.50 grams every single day, a top estimated removal out-of potassium are from the a reduction on the dangers of demise and you will aerobic events with the multivariable study ( Figure 2 and you will Desk 3 ); so it association are mostly connected with a decrease in the risk out of passing (Table S3 regarding Additional Appendix). Discover no proof of a discussion between projected potassium and you may salt excretion depending on the first chemical benefit (P=0.55) (Desk S4 regarding the Second Appendix).
Subgroup and you may Awareness Analyses
Blood pressure at the baseline (defined as a prior prognosis out of blood circulation pressure or blood pressure > mm Hg) altered the newest association anywhere between a top estimated salt removal plus the substance result (P=0.02 getting telecommunications) (Desk S4 regarding Supplementary Appendix). Into the further data, there is rather improved chance seen one of participants which have standard blood pressure and you may a projected sodium removal of six.00 so you’re able to 6.99 g just about every day (opportunity ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, step 1.00 to 1.30) or seven.00 g just about every day or even more (chances proportion, step 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05 to one.40), while there is zero extreme association among those rather than blood pressure levels. There have been not one high subgroup interactions (Tables S4 and you will S5 regarding Second Appendix).
The exclusion of participants with cardiovascular disease (at baseline) or cancer (at baseline or follow-up) or those who had events in the first year of follow-up did not materially affect the findings from the sodium and potassium analyses. When participants with events in the first 2 years were excluded, the associations of a lower (<3.00 g per day) and higher (6.00 to 6.99 g per day) estimated sodium excretion with the primary outcome were significant ( Table 2 and Table 3 ). In a propensity-score–matched analysis that included 21,220 participants, a low estimated sodium excretion (<3.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level (3.00 to 5.99 g per day), was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.46). In a similar analysis that included 40,618 participants, a high estimated sodium excretion (?6.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level, was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.34) (Table S6 in the Supplementary Appendix). The results of analyses adjusted for regression dilution bias are presented in Fig. S1 and S2 in the Supplementary Appendix. The results of the array-approach sensitivity analysis are provided in Table S7 in the Supplementary Appendix.