Female genitalia of Yards. fasciculata and measures having mating plug coupling. (A) Virgin women genitalia during the front have a look at. (B) Male genitalia from pre-copula men, dealing with the feminine genitalia. (C–E) Vaginal supplement, metasomal sterna S-VIII and S-IX. (F) Male genitalia doing this new coupling of plug: ventral look at genital pill and metasomal sternum S-IX projecting from the body of male from the good telescopic direction. (G) Men genital product isolated out of male’s human anatomy, that have knob regulators caused, gonostyli against the opposite status when it comes to the first. (H) Metasomal sterna S-VIII and you may S-IX, where sternum S-IX assumes its amazing position in male’s abdomen. (I) Mating plug in more detail, indicating the newest horizontal compressing out-of gonocoxites. (J) The newest genital chamber of an effective connected women: the newest membranous area with which has the newest mating plug affixed.
On the low-Melipona kinds (F
longipes, S. aff. Postica, and you may P. minima), we seen powerful dick regulators with intermediary curve and a lower life expectancy spatha ( Contour step one)paring the general morphology away from manhood valves and you may spatha regarding Yards. fasciculata to the other examined varieties, i unearthed that each other Yards. flavolineata and Meters. seminigra keeps thin manhood regulators with lowest curve. However, Meters. seminigra has actually reduced regulators than just M. flavolineata, and a more developed spatha when compared with additional Melipona ( Shape step one).
Dysfunction off hypothesized plugging steps
The last status from mating plugs into the mated lady paired new status of male’s instinct during the copulation on account of “J” path and you will placement less than woman’s instinct ( Shape 4C). In most physogastric queens off M. fasciculata, i noticed brand new mating plug attached to the membranous vaginal pouches by dick valves, for the spatha body established into the female ventral bit, placed under the fresh gonopore ( Profile 3J). We suggest that the brand new mating plug process try triggered if the men genital product are irreversibly protruded away from male’s looks, which leads to modified ranks of your gonostyli, penis regulators, and you will gonocoxites.
The fresh new mating group of Meters. fasciculata, centered on a video clip list out-of mating of a related kinds. All the way through: (A) men in-flight, seeking updates in itself along side females; (B) arranged male, appearing pairs regarding foot suitable along side female’s looks; (C) men increasing the gut of your lady; (D) male leaving the female after profitable mating, which is, the fresh new mating connect accessory. Throughout bits, male wings was portrayed in order to portray the direction throughout mating, based on Second Videos S1 .
The fresh new mating group of M. fasciculata, predicated on a video list away from mating off a connected types. All the way through: (A) male in-flight, seeking to reputation in itself over the lady; (B) organized male, demonstrating pairs regarding base suitable across the woman’s looks; (C) men increasing the instinct of female; (D) men making the feminine once https://besthookupwebsites.org/kasidie-review/ effective mating, that is, the fresh mating plug attachment. In all pieces, men wings was represented to help you represent the path during mating, considering Supplementary Video S1 .
Based on the investigations ranging from sleeping county out-of genital products and you may brought about condition from mating plugs, the useful morphology, plus in video clips information to the mating decisions away from a closely related varieties ( Second Videos S1 ), we advise that causing out of mating plug takes place in 5 hypothetical actions ( Data step three and you may cuatro):
Shortly after immobilizing the female human anatomy, the male inserts his metasomal sternum S-VIII underneath the lady tergum T-VI, training it ( Figure 4C).
Due to the fact people vaginal chamber try exposed ( Contour 3A), the male gonostyli touches the new woman’s vaginal region. After position the newest sternum S-VIII, a man metasomal sternum S-IX protrudes out from the male’s body for the the newest female’s genital chamber in addition to the genital supplement, from the a good telescopic movement ( Shape 3F). The newest insertion of male vaginal capsule toward lady genital chamber is not followed closely by brand new gonostyli, and therefore move backward for the procedure, leftover outside the ladies vaginal chamber ( Figure 3G).