The newest knowledge of mature closeness will be based upon new groundbreaking really works away from John Bowlby (1907-1990) and Mary Ainsworth (1913-1999). John Bowlby was a british psychologist, psychiatrist, and you can psychoanalyst just who began observing young people connection so you’re able to parental data for the this new 1950s, and ental psychologist whom prolonged into the Bowlbys work with this new 1960s and 70s from the performing detailed observational training on the nature off infant attachments. It was Ainsworths medical study of infant-parent separations you to contributed to the new certified facts and articulation off modern accessory principle.
Nowadays, mature attachment concept features achieved significant ground from inside the popular mindset given that a design to understand just how some one perceive and you will respond to closeness inside romantic relationship
Inside the 1969, Ainsworth wrote the initial results of brand new Strange Disease Process (SSP), a technique she made to size mother-boy parts that’s still used today. On the “uncommon situation,” children in addition to their parents was in fact brought to the a lab ecosystem and you can systematically split up regarding and you may reunited with each other. Based on the behavior of your infants responding so you’re able to break up and you will reunion with their adult figures, Ainsworth recognized about three head connection looks in kids: safe, nervous (insecure), and avoidant (insecure). Safer children (in the sixty% of people) turned into troubled in the event that father or mother leftover the space, however, was basically confident and you can comforted when the father or mother came back; anxious students (from the 20% of one’s society) began brand new test from inside the a troubled condition, became extremely distressed abreast of separation, along with a hard time becoming soothed and you will showed anger through to getting reunited into parent; and avoidant pupils (on 20% of one’s society) didnt come distressed by the separation and you may prevented exposure to brand new parent on reunion.
Due to the fact dating vary in general, it express of a lot similarities most importantly, an enthusiastic evolutionary dispute to the need of attachment to own endurance. Throughout the technology regarding adult connection, four head attachment appearances was identified:
Charlene Hazan and you will Peter Razor (1987) started to explore the brand new technology regarding connection from inside the romantic relationships, postulating the core values out of connection idea implement not only to help you boy-caregiver matchmaking however, to help you mature dating too
- Secure: Showed of the having an optimistic view of worry about and you will an optimistic look at anyone else. People with that it accessory style routinely have self-confident esteem for themselves, its partners, as well as their relationship. Hazan and you can Shavers section to help you characterize which connection layout is actually “I’ve found they not too difficult to find near to other people and you will are comfortable according to him or her and achieving her or him believe me personally. I really don’t love being quit or about some one getting too close to me personally.”
- Insecure:Anxious-Possessed. Presented of the possessing a bad view of care about and a positive view of others. Individuals with a tight connection style routinely have down mind-well datingranking.net/tr/whiplr-inceleme/ worth, try obsessed having accessory, and you can look for highest degrees of intimacy, endorsement, and you may responsiveness using their partners. Hazan and you can Shavers section to help you define it attachment design try “I find one other people is actually reluctant to rating as near just like the I want. We have a tendency to care one to my wife doesn’t admiration me otherwise would not have to stick with me personally. I wish to get extremely close to my partner, and that often frightens someone away.”
- Insecure:Dismissive-Avoidant. Displayed by the possessing an optimistic look at thinking and you may a bad view of anybody else. If you’re people who have this connection concept (as well as attachment styles, for example) manage require closeness, they place high strengths into versatility, self-sufficiency, and space, and appearance to end connection completely. Statements characterizing it attachment concept become “Anybody need excessively out-of myself,” “I prefer never to depend on other people otherwise has actually anybody else rely for the me personally,” and you may “I am comfortable instead close dating.”